Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

179
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
179
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.3K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.3K
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

184
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
184
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

141
Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
141
Dementia01:30

Dementia

110
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
110

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Melanopsin-Mediated Post-Illumination Pupillary Response in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson's Disease.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same author

Associations between wearable-device-measured daytime and nighttime light exposures and dementia risk: A prospective cohort study.

General psychiatry·2026
Same author

<i>Finegoldia magna</i> Infection in the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Following Acupuncture with Cupping: A Rare Case Report.

Infection and drug resistance·2026
Same author

Inhibition of return in schizophrenic patients: Impaired reorientation, facilitation by stimuli, or both? An eye-movement based study.

Asian journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Remodeling of capsular polysaccharide enhances colonization and therapeutic efficacy of probiotic Escherichia coli against colitis.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

A Fish-Scale-like P-Doped Carbon Nanosheet/NiSe<sub>2</sub>-CoSe<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Interlayer Enabling Synergistic Catalysis and Confinement for High-Performance Li-S Battery Separators.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Global epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic accuracy of a two-cut-off approach using the FAQ/MMSE ratio and FAQ for clinical preselection of patients for anti-amyloid therapy.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Cancer risk and mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis in Finland: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Visuospatial working memory in Huntington's disease: behavioural and structural brain correlates.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Characteristics and outcomes in electric scooter-related traumatic brain injuries in Helsinki.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Chronological ageing and ovarian reserve in MS: insights from anti-Müllerian hormone and disability progression.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

15.2K

Visuospatial dysfunction predicts dementia-first phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder.

Jing Wang1,2,3, Bei Huang2,4, Li Zhou2

  • 1Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visuospatial dysfunction predicts dementia-first progression in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). A modified Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score is a key biomarker for identifying patients at higher risk of developing dementia.

Keywords:
DEMENTIASLEEP DISORDERS

More Related Videos

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.4K
Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

15.2K
A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.4K
Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is a recognized prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathies.
  • Predicting the specific phenoconversion pathway (parkinsonism-first vs. dementia-first) in iRBD patients remains a clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive value of visuospatial dysfunction for dementia-first phenoconversion in patients with iRBD.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for early prognostication in iRBD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 175 iRBD patients and 98 controls.
  • Baseline neuropsychological assessments included MoCA, ROCF, CTT, and Digit Span tests.
  • Phenoconversion status was monitored through regular follow-up over a mean of 5.1 years.

Main Results:

  • Over 5 years, 25.7% of iRBD patients phenoconverted.
  • The modified posterior subscore of the MoCA, assessing visuospatial function, was the strongest predictor of dementia-first phenoconversion (adjusted HR 5.48).
  • Most tests differentiated dementia-first convertors but not parkinsonism-first convertors.

Conclusions:

  • Visuospatial dysfunction, particularly as measured by the modified MoCA posterior subscore, is a significant predictor of dementia-first phenoconversion in iRBD.
  • This finding highlights the potential of visuospatial assessments as biomarkers for clinical prognosis and for guiding neuroprotective trials aimed at preventing dementia.