Pan pneumo: an unusual complication following pacemaker implantation

Implantation of cardiac devices is usually considered to be a safe procedure. Rare complications, such as pneumothorax, may occur after the procedure. The association with pneumopericardium or pneumomediastinum is even more uncommon. We present the case of a patient in his 70s, on haemodialysis, admitted for complete atrioventricular block. He underwent implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker. He presented with chest pain the day after implantation. Chest CT scan revealed a pneumothorax associated with a pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum 'pan pneumo', due to an atrial perforation. We opted for a conservative management strategy. Repeat CT scan of the chest 8 days after the procedure showed a complete resorption of the 'pan pneumo'. The objective of this case report is to describe this rare complication and provide further insight into its management, particularly in the absence of specific guidelines.