Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

3.6K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
3.6K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

35.3K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
35.3K
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

7.0K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
7.0K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.4K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.6K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.6K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

9.8K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oil-Water Flow Monitoring in Wellbores with Inflow Control Valves Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

New Advances in Membrane Separation Technology for Water Pollution Control and Membrane Fouling Mitigation.

Membranes·2026
Same author

Longitudinal changes in DNA methylation in IDH-mutant glioma fuel disease progression through altered cell state differentiation.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Sex difference in the association of antiseizure medication load with cognitive decline in older people with epilepsy: A prospective study.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026
Same author

Explantation Of Durable Ventricular Assist Device For Myocardial Functional Recovery In Children: A Report From The ACTION Registry.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026
Same author

Burn Rehabilitation Exercise Adherence and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Social Cognitive Theory.

International wound journal·2026
Same journal

Retraction Note: NSD2 targeting reverses plasticity and drug resistance in prostate cancer.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Enhanced B cell priming induces broadly neutralizing HIV-1 apex antibodies.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Child online safety needs more than social-media bans.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms.

Nature·2026
Same journal

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

3.1K

An intermediate Rb-E2F activity state safeguards proliferation commitment.

Yumi Konagaya1,2,3, David Rosenthal4, Nalin Ratnayeke4,5

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. yumi.konagaya@riken.jp.

Nature
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular decisions between quiescence and proliferation involve a feedback loop. This study reveals a "primed state" with intermediate E2F activity, allowing cells to decide whether to proliferate or remain quiescent.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells
12:19

Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells

Published on: January 21, 2012

60.4K
Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions
10:52

Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

3.1K
Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells
12:19

Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells

Published on: January 21, 2012

60.4K
Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions
10:52

Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cellular decisions between quiescence and proliferation are crucial for tissue repair, immune defense, and cancer progression.
  • Mammalian cell proliferation involves a positive feedback mechanism where E2F activates CDK2, which inactivates the Rb inhibitor of E2F.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand how cells regulate the positive feedback mechanism controlling proliferation.
  • To investigate the role of intermediate E2F activity in the decision to proliferate.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of E2F and CDK2 signal changes in single cells.
  • Analysis of retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation at T373 residue.
  • Investigation of Rb binding dynamics to chromatin.

Main Results:

  • The positive feedback mechanism for proliferation engages late in G1 phase.
  • Cells exhibit a reversible state of intermediate E2F activity before proliferation commitment.
  • Intermediate E2F activity is proportional to Rb T373 phosphorylation, mediated by CDK2 or CDK4/CDK6.

Conclusions:

  • A 'primed state' of intermediate E2F activation exists, regulated by Rb phosphorylation.
  • This state allows cells to integrate signals and decide between quiescence and proliferation.
  • The differential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation rates of Rb influence cell cycle commitment.