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Transgenic Plants02:50

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Transient Gene Expression in Tobacco using Gibson Assembly and the Gene Gun
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Transposase-assisted target-site integration for efficient plant genome engineering.

Peng Liu1, Kaushik Panda1, Seth A Edwards1,2

  • 1Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA.

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|June 26, 2024
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Summary

Scientists engineered a novel genome engineering tool using transposable elements (TEs) to precisely insert DNA into plant genomes. This breakthrough overcomes previous limitations, enabling efficient crop improvement through targeted DNA insertion.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Molecular biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Current DNA insertion technologies in plants are inefficient and error-prone, hindering crop improvement.
  • Transposable elements (TEs) naturally insert DNA into genomes with sequence specificity.
  • Existing methods lack the precision required for advanced genome engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel genome engineering tool for precise DNA insertion into plant genomes.
  • To leverage transposable elements for targeted DNA delivery in plants.
  • To create an accessible toolkit for sequence-specific DNA targeting in crop development.

Main Methods:

  • Fused the rice Pong transposase with CRISPR-Cas9 or Cas12a nucleases.
  • Utilized CRISPR guide RNA for sequence-specific targeting.
  • Demonstrated targeted insertion of DNA elements in Arabidopsis and soybean.

Main Results:

  • Achieved sequence-specific, targeted insertion of custom DNA payloads.
  • Successfully engineered a transposable element-based system for plant genome engineering.
  • Validated the system's efficacy in both a model plant (Arabidopsis) and a major crop (soybean).

Conclusions:

  • The developed tool precisely targets DNA insertion in plant genomes, overcoming previous technological barriers.
  • This engineered transposable element system offers a powerful and accessible method for crop improvement.
  • The technology facilitates the development of improved crop varieties through precise genome engineering.