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Recent increase in atypical presentations of invasive meningococcal disease in France

Samy Taha1, Ala-Eddine Deghmane2, Muhamed-Kheir Taha2

  • 1Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit and National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris cedex 15, 75724, France. samy.taha@pasteur.fr.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Atypical invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) presentations increased after COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) eased, leading to higher mortality. Adapting vaccination strategies is crucial to address these epidemiological shifts.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases decreased during COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).
  • IMD cases rebounded in 2022 with significant genotypical strain changes.
  • This study investigates shifts in IMD clinical presentations post-NPI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore modifications in the clinical presentations of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD).
  • To identify associations between clinical forms, serogroups, and patient demographics.
  • To understand the implications of changing IMD epidemiology on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective descriptive study utilizing French National Reference Centre data (2015-2022).
  • Analysis of IMD cases, including serogroups, sex, age, clinical presentations, and clonal complexes.
  • Scoring and statistical analysis of patient and isolate data.

Main Results:

  • Non-meningeal IMD forms, including bacteremic pneumonia and abdominal presentations, significantly increased post-NPI easing.
  • These forms were linked to serogroups Y and W, older adults (pneumonia), and young adults (abdominal).
  • Atypical IMD forms showed higher early mortality and association with specific clonal complexes (e.g., CC-11, CC-23, CC-9316).

Conclusions:

  • Increased atypical IMD presentations may elevate the disease burden due to diagnostic delays.
  • Current vaccination strategies may require adaptation to align with evolving epidemiological patterns.
  • Enhanced surveillance and updated prevention measures are necessary for effective IMD control.
Keywords:
Neisseria meningitidisCOVID-19Clinical presentationEpidemiologyInvasive meningococcal disease

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