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The Role of Lipoprotein(a) in Peripheral Artery Disease

Nicholas Pavlatos1, Dinesh K Kalra2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Biomedicines
|June 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Elevated Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review explores Lp(a)

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Lipidology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a particle structurally similar to low-density lipoprotein, comprising apolipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(b).
  • Elevated Lp(a) is a recognized causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, stroke, and aortic valve stenosis.
  • Despite its prevalence (20% of the global population), Lp(a) testing is underutilized due to low awareness and limited therapeutic options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, biology, and pathogenesis of Lp(a) concerning peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies for mitigating adverse cardiovascular and limb events in patients with elevated Lp(a).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the association between Lp(a) and PAD.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, biological mechanisms, and pathogenic pathways.
  • Examination of current and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Lp(a) has a strong link to coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease.
  • The relationship between Lp(a) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is less well-established but warrants further investigation.
  • Emerging therapies aim to reduce Lp(a) levels and associated cardiovascular and limb risks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the role of Lp(a) in PAD is crucial for comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment.
  • Increased awareness and improved testing for Lp(a) are needed.
  • Novel therapies hold promise for managing Lp(a)-associated cardiovascular and limb events.

Keywords:
atherosclerosislipidslipoprotein(a)peripheral artery disease

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