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Spermidine Synthase Localization in Retinal Layers: Early Age Changes.

Astrid Zayas-Santiago¹, Christian J Malpica-Nieves², David S Ríos³

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|June 27, 2024

Summary

Spermidine (SPD) synthesis decreases in aging rat retinas, shifting from progenitor cells to neurons. Müller retinal cells accumulate SPD despite reduced synthesis, highlighting their role in managing polyamine levels.

Keywords:

glial cell compartments glial cells nervous system neurons polyamines retina spermidine spermidine synthase

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Aging Research

Background:

Polyamine spermidine (SPD) is vital for aging processes.
SPD accumulates in Müller retinal cells (MCs), but SPD synthesis in these cells and its age-dependent changes are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the expression and activity of spermidine synthase (SpdS), the SPD-synthesizing enzyme, in Müller glia and across different age points in the rat retina.
To understand the role of Müller glia in SPD metabolism during aging.

Main Methods:

Immunocytochemistry and Western blot (WB) were used to analyze SpdS expression in rat retinae at postnatal days 3, 21, and 120.
Glutamine synthetase (GS) antibody was employed to identify Müller glial cells.

Main Results:

SpdS was initially expressed in neonatal retinal progenitor cells (P3).
By P21, SpdS expression shifted to neurons, while Müller glia (identified by GS) showed minimal SpdS.
SpdS levels significantly decreased in P21 and P120 retinae compared to P3.
Müller cells consistently accumulated SPD irrespective of age-related synthesis decline.

Conclusions:

SpdS redistribution with aging indicates SPD synthesis occurs in progenitor cells and later in neurons, but not in Müller glia.
Müller retinal cells actively uptake and accumulate SPD, playing a crucial role in retinal polyamine homeostasis during aging.