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Neonatal Physical Growth Predicts Electroencephalography Power in Rural South African Children.

Amanda R Tarullo1, Denise Evans2, Lezanie Coetzee2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Brain Sciences
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal head circumference and length predict infant brain activity, particularly gamma, beta, alpha, and theta power, in under-resourced settings. These associations were strongest at 7 months, highlighting early growth

Keywords:
EEGearly adversityglobal southgrowthhead circumferenceinfancylow- and middle-income countriespovertysocioeconomic status

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Anthropometric measures at birth reflect prenatal growth and are linked to cognitive development.
  • Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) face higher risks of impaired growth and cognitive deficits.
  • Early childhood neuroimaging research is scarce in LMIC, limiting understanding of neonatal growth and neural activity links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birth anthropometrics (head circumference, length, weight) and electroencephalogram (EEG) relative power in infants.
  • To explore these associations in a rural LMIC setting (Limpopo Province, South Africa).
  • To control for postnatal growth and socioeconomic status (SES) in the analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking EEG relative power in infants over the first three years of life.
  • Analysis of birth head circumference, length, and weight as predictors of EEG power.
  • Statistical controls for postnatal growth and socioeconomic status (SES).

Main Results:

  • Larger birth head circumference predicted lower relative gamma and right hemisphere beta power, and higher relative alpha and theta power.
  • Greater birth length was associated with lower relative gamma power.
  • Associations were most pronounced at 7 months and diminished by 17 and 36 months, indicating time-dependent effects.

Conclusions:

  • Birth head circumference and length are significant predictors of infant neural activity in under-resourced contexts.
  • Early anthropometric measures provide insights into early brain development trajectories.
  • Findings underscore the importance of early growth monitoring for neurodevelopmental outcomes in LMIC.