Potentials of Natural Antioxidants in Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Pharmacology
• Integrative Medicine

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health issue with high morbidity and mortality.
• CKD is characterized by dyslipidemia, poor glycemic control, inflammation, and oxidative stress, accelerating kidney damage.
• Progression to end-stage renal disease requires dialysis or transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current CKD treatment strategies focusing on inflammation and oxidative stress.
• To explore the renal therapeutic potential of Western medications and herbal remedies.
• To identify knowledge gaps and guide future research in kidney function preservation.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on CKD, inflammation, oxidative stress, and therapeutic interventions.
• Analysis of mechanisms of action for Western medications (statins, metformin, GLP-1 agonists) and herbal remedies (lactoferrin, Boerhaavia diffusa, Amauroderma rugosum, Ganoderma lucidum).
• Critical discussion of existing research limitations and potential antioxidant effects.

Main Results:

• Western medications and certain herbal remedies show promise in managing inflammation and oxidative stress in CKD.
• Lactoferrin, Boerhaavia diffusa, Amauroderma rugosum, and Ganoderma lucidum possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
• Mechanisms linking these interventions to renal protection are not fully elucidated.

Conclusions:

• Inflammation alleviation is key in CKD management.
• Further research is needed to understand the precise mechanisms of action for both pharmaceutical and natural interventions.
• This review provides a foundation for developing novel, effective strategies for preserving kidney function.