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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Epigenetics in Glaucoma.

Fabiana D'Esposito1,2,3, Caterina Gagliano3,4, Philip Anthony Bloom1,5

  • 1Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, London NW1 5QH, UK.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|June 27, 2024
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Summary

Epigenetics, like DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, may explain how genetic and environmental factors cause primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Understanding these epigenetic changes offers new therapeutic avenues for glaucoma.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigeneticsglaucomatous neurodegenerationhistone modificationsnon-coding RNAsopen angle glaucoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex genetic trait influenced by environmental and biological factors.
  • Genetic variants alone do not fully explain glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • Interactions between genetic predisposition and external factors remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the key epigenetic mechanisms involved in glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • To explore epigenetics as the potential link between genetic and environmental factors in POAG.
  • To highlight novel therapeutic strategies for glaucoma based on epigenetic insights.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on epigenetic mechanisms in glaucoma.
  • Focus on DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA gene regulation.
  • Analysis of how these mechanisms contribute to glaucomatous changes in the eye.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, are implicated in glaucoma.
  • These mechanisms alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence, contributing to disease.
  • Evidence suggests epigenetics bridges the gap between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic actors play a principal role in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma.
  • Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted glaucoma therapies.
  • Further research into epigenetic modifications could revolutionize glaucoma treatment.