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Related Concept Videos

Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
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DEK219 and HSF17 Collaboratively Regulate the Kernel Length in Maize.

Sidi Xie1, Ran Tian1, Hanmei Liu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Maize kernel length, vital for yield, is regulated by DEK219. This study identifies HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR17 (HSF17) as a negative regulator, inhibiting DE18 and impacting kernel length.

Keywords:
expressing regulationkernel lengthmaizemiRNAtranscription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and molecular biology
  • Crop science
  • Maize (Zea mays L.) research

Background:

  • Kernel length is a key factor in determining maize yield.
  • Limited knowledge exists regarding the genetic mechanisms controlling maize kernel length.
  • The maize mutant defective kernel219 (dek219), encoding DICER-LIKE1, affects miRNA biogenesis and kernel length.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DEK219 in regulating maize kernel length.
  • To identify genes and transcription factors involved in DEK219-mediated kernel length control.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which DEK219 influences kernel development.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic analysis of the dek219 mutant.
  • miRNA-target gene prediction, expression analysis, and correlation analysis.
  • Transient expression analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).

Main Results:

  • The dek219 mutant consistently shows reduced kernel length.
  • Nine transcription factors were identified as potential regulators under DEK219 control.
  • HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR17 (HSF17) was significantly upregulated and identified as a negative regulator, inhibiting DEFECTIVE ENDOSPERM18 (DE18) expression, leading to increased kernel length in hsf17 mutants.

Conclusions:

  • DEK219 plays a role in maize kernel length regulation, potentially by modulating transcription factor activity.
  • HSF17 acts as a negative regulator of maize kernel length by inhibiting DE18.
  • This research provides insights into maize kernel development and offers genetic resources for breeding improved varieties.