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Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
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An Efficient Pulse Circuit Design for Magnetic Stimulation with Diversified Waveforms and Adjustable Parameters.

Xiao Fang1,2,3,4, Tao Zhang2, Yaoyao Luo1

  • 1College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel efficient pulse magnetic stimulation circuit (EPMS) enables new transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) waveforms. This EPMS circuit enhances neuromodulation and selectivity by offering adjustable parameters for diverse research needs.

Keywords:
adjustable pulse parameterscircuit designmulti-waveformspulsed E-field

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuromodulation techniques
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) systems

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique used for understanding and treating mental disorders.
  • The efficacy of TMS is directly linked to the temporal waveform of the induced intracranial electric field (E-field).
  • Existing TMS systems are limited in their ability to generate diverse stimulation waveforms and adjust parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel efficient pulse magnetic stimulation (EPMS) circuit based on asymmetric cascaded multilevel technology.
  • To enable the generation of novel intracranial induced E-field stimulation waveforms beyond traditional cosine shapes.
  • To investigate the neural response characteristics under new stimulation waveforms, specifically the biphasic four-level (BFL) waveform.

Main Methods:

  • Design and transient analysis of an EPMS circuit using asymmetric cascaded multilevel technology.
  • Conversion of intracranial induced E-field measurements into analyzable electrical signals (discharge voltage).
  • Generation and analysis of monophasic/biphasic near-rectangular and ladder-shaped E-field waveforms, and detailed study of the BFL waveform's neural effects.

Main Results:

  • The EPMS circuit successfully generates conventional monophasic and biphasic cosine-shaped E-fields, alongside novel waveforms (near-rectangular, ladder-shaped) with adjustable amplitude and pulse width.
  • The study establishes a link between TMS circuit parameters (discharge voltage, duration) and neural response characteristics (membrane potential, polarizability ratio).
  • The biphasic four-level (BFL) waveform demonstrated a significant reduction in neuron polarization ratio (54.5% and 87.5% less than cosine waveforms) for equivalent energy loss.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EPMS circuit overcomes the waveform limitations of traditional TMS systems, offering greater flexibility for research.
  • The BFL waveform shows potential for enhanced neuromodulation effects and improved stimulation selectivity compared to standard TMS waveforms.
  • This technology facilitates the transformation of difficult-to-measure biological signals into easily analyzable electrical parameters for advanced neuroscience research.