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Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus Reassortment Study in Sheep.

Velmurugan Balaraman¹, Sabarish V Indran¹, In Joong Kim¹

¹Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.

|June 27, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) reassortment is more efficient in sheep cells in vitro than in live sheep in vivo. This study quanties RVFV reassortment in sheep, finding lower frequencies in vivo, crucial for understanding viral evolution.

Keywords:

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus bunyavirus reassortment sheep

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

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Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Published on: July 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Molecular Epidemiology
Zoonotic Disease Research

Background:

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes significant disease in livestock and humans.
Live attenuated vaccines are used for RVF control, but viral reassortment poses a public health risk.
Limited data exists on the frequency and dynamics of RVFV reassortment in natural hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficiency of RVFV reassortment in sheep, a natural host.
To compare in vitro reassortment in sheep cells with in vivo reassortment in sheep.
To assess the potential for novel reassortant virus emergence.

Main Methods:

Co-infection experiments were conducted in vitro using sheep-derived cells and in vivo using sheep.
Two experimental groups were used: wild-type (WT) RVFV strains and a combination of WT and live attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine strain.
Virus genotyping was performed on plaque-isolated viruses to determine reassortment frequency.

Main Results:

RVFV reassortment was significantly more efficient in vitro (up to 37.9%) than in vivo (1.7% for WT/WT, 0% for WT/LAV).
Co-infection with two WT RVFV strains resulted in a low frequency of reassortants in sheep.
No reassortant viruses were detected when co-infecting sheep with a WT and an LAV RVFV strain.

Conclusions:

RVFV reassortment occurs at a lower frequency in vivo in sheep compared to in vitro conditions.
Understanding RVFV reassortment dynamics is critical for assessing viral evolution and public health risks.
Further research is needed to explore the implications of reassortment on RVFV virulence and transmission.