Risk and safety profile in checkpoint inhibitors on non-small-cel lung cancer: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a significant global health challenge with high mortality and low survival rates.
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC due to their ability to harness the immune system against cancer cells.
• Over-stimulation of the immune system by ICI can lead to adverse effects, necessitating research into safer and more effective delivery methods.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes current advancements in nanoparticle-based immune checkpoint inhibitors for NSCLC treatment.
• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
• Data from 38 trials involving 16,781 participants were analyzed using mixed-effects models to quantify treatment efficacy.

Key Points:

• Nanoparticle-based ICI represent a novel approach to enhance the delivery and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC.
• Analysis confirmed that ICI significantly improve treatment effectiveness and reduce mortality rates compared to conventional treatments.
• The study identified potential benefits of nanoparticle-based ICI, including improved safety profiles and effectiveness as a first-line therapy.

Conclusions:

• Nanoparticle-based immune checkpoint inhibitors offer a promising frontier in non-small-cell lung cancer therapy, potentially improving patient outcomes.
• ICI demonstrate superior efficacy and reduced mortality compared to traditional treatments, supporting their expanded clinical use.
• Further research into nanoparticle formulations may mitigate immune-related adverse events and optimize NSCLC treatment strategies.