The impact of comorbidity status in COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness before and after SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in northeastern Mexico: a retrospective multi-hospital study
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.COVID-19 vaccines were effective against infection, hospitalization, and death before the Omicron variant. After Omicron, vaccine effectiveness against infection decreased significantly, with varying protection against hospitalization and death.
Area Of Science
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background
- The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid vaccine development, yet trials predated the Omicron variant.
- Vaccine effectiveness in specific populations and against new variants requires ongoing evaluation.
- Comorbidities may influence vaccine response and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Purpose Of The Study
- To analyze COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness before and after the Omicron variant emergence.
- To assess the impact of comorbidities on vaccine effectiveness in Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
- To compare vaccine performance against infection, hospitalization, and death across different periods.
Main Methods
- Utilized epidemiological data from 67 hospitals in northeastern Mexico (July 2020 - May 2023).
- Compiled data from 669,393 COVID-19 cases, including 255,819 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections.
- Analyzed vaccine effectiveness stratified by pre-Omicron (BO) and post-Omicron (AO) periods, considering comorbidities.
Main Results
- Before Omicron (BO), vaccines (BNT162b2, ChAdOx1) showed effectiveness against infection and hospitalization in non-comorbid and comorbid groups.
- After Omicron (AO), significant effectiveness against infection was lost for all vaccines; protection against hospitalization varied, with some vaccines effective in non-comorbid and certain comorbid groups.
- Vaccine effectiveness against death decreased post-Omicron, notably with mRNA-1273 in patients with hypertension and diabetes.
Conclusions
- COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated strong protection against infection, hospitalization, and death before the Omicron variant.
- Post-Omicron, vaccines largely failed to prevent infection, with diminished and variable effectiveness against hospitalization and death.
- Ongoing monitoring of vaccine effectiveness, especially in comorbid populations, is crucial in the evolving SARS-CoV-2 landscape.
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