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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
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Exosomal noncoding RNAs: decoding their role in thyroid cancer progression.

Weiming Sun1, Chenjun Jiang2, Qianqian Liu2

  • 1The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Endocrinology Department, Lanzhou, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Exosomes carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that impact thyroid cancer (TC) progression. These exosomal ncRNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TC.

Keywords:
circRNAsexosomeslncRNAsmiRNAsnoncoding RNAsthyroid cancer

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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
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Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are crucial regulatory molecules within exosomes.
  • Exosomal ncRNAs play significant roles in thyroid cancer (TC) progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of exosomal ncRNAs in thyroid cancer.
  • To understand the mechanistic involvement of exosomal ncRNAs in TC.
  • To highlight the potential of exosomal ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on exosomal ncRNAs and thyroid cancer.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which exosomal ncRNAs influence TC hallmarks.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • Exosomal ncRNAs regulate key oncogenic processes in TC such as proliferation, metastasis, EMT, angiogenesis, and immunoediting.
  • Exosomes protect ncRNAs from degradation, enabling stable plasma expression.
  • Exosomal ncRNAs are promising biomarkers for TC diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal ncRNAs are integral to thyroid cancer pathogenesis.
  • Their stability and specific expression make them valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicators.
  • Exosomes and their ncRNA cargo offer novel therapeutic avenues for TC.