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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.2K
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

556
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

176
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution
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Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution

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DNA methylation in human diseases.

Samareh Younesian1, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi1, Ommolbanin Younesian2

  • 1Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1971653313 Iran.

Heliyon
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Aberrant DNA methylation is crucial in disease development. Understanding DNA methylation offers new diagnostic biomarkers and tailored treatments for various human diseases.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesCancerDNA methylationMetabolic disordersMonogenic epigenetic diseases

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Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Disease Pathogenesis and Biomarkers

Background:

  • Aberrant epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, are key drivers in human disease development and progression.
  • DNA methylation patterns are increasingly recognized as critical factors influencing cellular function and disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of aberrant DNA methylation in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse human diseases.
  • To review original data from international research on DNA methylation in disease.
  • To explore DNA methylation as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers across various conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature and original research data focusing on DNA methylation in disease.
  • Analysis of studies investigating DNA methylation in monogenic disorders, autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, hematologic neoplasms, and solid tumors.
  • Examination of pharmaceutical approaches targeting DNA methylation machinery.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation is implicated across a wide spectrum of human diseases, including genetic, autoimmune, metabolic, and oncologic conditions.
  • Studies highlight the potential of DNA methylation patterns as reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • The DNA methylation machinery presents promising avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Investigating DNA methylation machinery offers profound insights into disease mechanisms.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation serves as a valuable source for discovering new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • Targeting DNA methylation pathways can lead to personalized therapeutic approaches for patients.