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Interacted Ternary Component Ensuring High-Security Eutectic Electrolyte for High Performance Sodium-Metal Batteries.

Fan Feng1, Zheng Liu2, Yingchun Yan1

  • 1School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new eutectic electrolyte for sodium-metal batteries (SMBs) that reduces viscosity and prevents side reactions. The improved electrolyte enables stable sodium plating and long-term battery cycling performance.

Keywords:
Eutecitc electrolytesFlame‐retardant propertyLong‐term cycling stabilityNa+ transference numberSodium metal batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Eutectic electrolytes offer intrinsic flame retardancy for sodium-metal batteries (SMBs).
  • High viscosity and anode side reactions impede the development of current eutectic electrolytes.
  • Developing stable and efficient electrolytes is crucial for advancing SMB technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel eutectic electrolyte (EE) with reduced viscosity and suppressed side reactions for sodium-metal batteries.
  • To investigate the role of succinonitrile (SN) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in enhancing electrolyte properties.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical performance of the new electrolyte in Na-metal battery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a new eutectic electrolyte using sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI), succinonitrile (SN), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
  • Application of Lewis acid-base theory to understand and optimize electrolyte-anode interactions.
  • Electrochemical testing including ionic conductivity measurements, Na-ion transference number determination, Na||Na symmetric cell cycling, and Na||Na3V2(PO4)3/C and Na||NVP/C full cell cycling.

Main Results:

  • The developed EE (EE-1:6 + 5% FEC) exhibits reduced viscosity and high ionic conductivity (2.62 mS cm⁻¹).
  • An ultra-high Na+ transference number of 0.96 was achieved, indicating efficient ion transport.
  • Stable Na plating/stripping for 1100 h in symmetric cells and over 2000 cycles with 99.1% retention in Na||NVP/C cells were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The novel eutectic electrolyte effectively addresses viscosity and side reaction issues in sodium-metal batteries.
  • The optimized electrolyte composition enhances Na+ transport and interfacial stability.
  • This work presents a promising electrolyte solution for high-performance and long-lasting sodium-metal batteries.