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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Kidney organoids: steps towards better organization and function.

Jamie A Davies1, Ian Holland1, Huseyin Gül1

  • 1Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, U.K.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Kidney organoids offer a promising alternative to animal models for disease research and drug screening. While challenges in vascularization and anatomical complexity remain, advancements suggest future potential for renal replacement therapy.

Keywords:
disease modelingmetanephrosnephrogenesispluripotentstem celltissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Kidney organoids, derived from stem cells, have been available for over a decade.
  • They offer potential advantages over in vivo models, including the use of human cells and reduced ethical concerns.
  • Current applications include disease modeling and drug screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and challenges of kidney organoid development.
  • To explore their potential applications in medicine and research.
  • To discuss future directions for improving kidney organoid complexity and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on kidney organoid research.
  • Analysis of current limitations in organoid development, including vascularization and anatomical organization.
  • Discussion of advancements in differentiation techniques and assembly strategies.

Main Results:

  • Kidney organoids currently represent fetal-stage tissue and lack organ-scale organization and proper vascularization.
  • Techniques for improving cell specificity and organ-scale anatomy are being developed.
  • Transplantation into hosts leads to vascularization and some renal function, but organotypic vascularization remains a challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Further development is needed to improve kidney organoid complexity, vascularization, and functionality.
  • Advanced organoids with a urine exit are required for more stringent functional assessment.
  • Successful transplantation of even simplified organoids offers hope for future renal replacement therapies.