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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

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Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

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Translation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

Fear attenuation collaborations to optimize translation.

Marie-H Monfils¹, Hongjoo J Lee¹, Marissa Raskin²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin.

Behavioral Neuroscience

|June 27, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This research developed novel methods to modify emotional memories, distinct from traditional extinction techniques. These advancements offer new therapeutic avenues for emotional memory disorders.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Computational Psychiatry

Background:

Emotionally laden memories are difficult to modify.
Existing fear extinction protocols have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate novel approaches for modifying entrenched emotional memories.
To explore the mechanisms and clinical applicability of these new methods.

Main Methods:

Combined behavioral, molecular, and computational strategies.
Developed novel fear attenuation techniques distinct from extinction.
Created improved assessment metrics and identified predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

Successfully developed novel fear attenuation approaches.
Demonstrated generalization to other reinforcers and derived principled explanations.
Identified biomarkers and translated research to clinical settings.

Conclusions:

Novel therapeutic strategies for emotional memory modification are feasible.
These approaches offer potential for treating memory-related disorders.
Biomarkers and refined metrics enhance outcome prediction and evaluation.