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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Novel Initiative Increasing GDMT Use Among Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Andrei Minciunescu1, Carolyn Rosner1, David Kepplinger2

  • 1Inova Schar Heart and Vascular, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.

JACC. Heart Failure
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A quality improvement initiative significantly boosted the use of guideline-directed medical therapies, including angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients.

Keywords:
angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitorguideline-directed medical therapyheart failure with reduced ejection fractionmineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Quality Improvement Science

Background:

  • Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) use in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is suboptimal despite proven benefits.
  • Initiatives to improve GDMT prescription rates are crucial for enhancing patient outcomes in HFrEF management.

Discussion:

  • A quality improvement project in a large cardiology practice focused on increasing the utilization of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) in HFrEF outpatients.
  • The initiative involved standardized patient identification and linked medication utilization rates to group quality metrics, setting targets for ARNI (>25%) and MRA (>60%) prescription.

Key Insights:

  • Following the initiative's implementation, ARNI utilization increased from 31% to 67%, and MRA utilization rose from 28% to 66% among eligible HFrEF patients.
  • The study highlights the effectiveness of establishing clear quality metrics and a proactive evaluation process in driving significant increases in GDMT prescription rates.

Outlook:

  • This model demonstrates a successful strategy for improving GDMT adherence in HFrEF, potentially applicable to other chronic conditions.
  • Future research could explore long-term impacts on patient morbidity and mortality and cost-effectiveness.