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Updated: Jun 22, 2025
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Published on: December 6, 2016
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Symptom subtype progression in obstructive sleep apnea over 5 years.
Jonna L Morris1, Paul W Scott1, Ulysses Magalang2
1School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms can change over five years, with nearly half of patients transitioning between symptom subtypes. Age, sex, and BMI influence these symptom shifts, not apnea-hypopnea index.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Medicine
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition with poorly understood symptom progression.
- Longitudinal studies are needed to track symptom changes and identify influencing factors in OSA patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the changes in obstructive sleep apnea symptom subtypes over a 5-year period.
- To identify predictors of symptom transitions in individuals with OSA.
Main Methods:
- Latent class analysis was used to define 4 OSA symptom subtypes in 2,643 participants from the Sleep Heart Health Study.
- Data from baseline and 5-year follow-up visits were analyzed, including 14 specific symptoms.
- Multinomial logistic regression examined the impact of age, sex, BMI, and apnea-hypopnea index on symptom class transitions.
Main Results:
- Four OSA symptom subtypes (minimally symptomatic, disturbed sleep, moderately sleepy, excessively sleepy) were identified at baseline and follow-up.
- Nearly half (44.2%) of participants transitioned to a different symptom subtype over 5 years, with transitions to 'moderately sleepy' being most frequent.
- Older age, female sex, and increased BMI were associated with specific symptom subtype transitions, while apnea-hypopnea index changes did not predict transitions.
Conclusions:
- Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms exhibit variability over time, with potential for both fluctuation and stability.
- Understanding OSA symptom progression can aid clinicians in making informed treatment decisions for patients.
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