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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

155
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Updated: Jun 22, 2025

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Hydroxyurea maintains working memory function in pediatric sickle cell disease.

Jesyin Lai1, Ping Zou1, Josue L Dalboni da Rocha1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydroxyurea treatment helps maintain working memory in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Functional MRI showed stable working memory function and brain activity patterns in treated children compared to controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) impairs red blood cell oxygen capacity, leading to neurocognitive deficits in children.
  • Working memory is crucial for cognitive and academic skills, and is often affected in SCD.
  • The impact of hydroxyurea, a standard SCD treatment, on neurocognitive function, particularly working memory, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of hydroxyurea treatment on working memory function and associated brain activity in children with SCD.
  • To compare changes in neural correlates of working memory in hydroxyurea-treated SCD patients versus controls over one year.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals during n-back tasks in 20 hydroxyurea-treated SCD patients and 11 controls (aged 7-18).
  • Neurocognitive measures and fMRI data were collected at baseline and ~1 year after initiating hydroxyurea treatment.
  • Searchlight-pattern classification was employed to analyze changes in BOLD signal patterns.

Main Results:

  • Working memory function remained stable in the hydroxyurea-treated group.
  • A significant treatment-by-time interaction was observed in the right cuneus and angular gyrus.
  • Control group showed greater changes in BOLD signal patterns in posterior brain regions compared to the treated group, with increased BOLD signals over time.
  • Treated group exhibited continuous increases in BOLD signals with increasing working memory load, suggesting preserved cognitive effort.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyurea treatment appears to help maintain working memory function in children with sickle cell disease.
  • The findings suggest hydroxyurea may mitigate neurocognitive deficits associated with SCD by preserving brain activity dynamics during demanding cognitive tasks.