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A biologically inspired computational model of human ventral temporal cortex.

Yiyuan Zhang1, Ke Zhou2, Pinglei Bao3

  • 1Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain & Intelligence, Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society
|June 27, 2024
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Summary

Brain wiring cost minimization shapes how the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) organizes object representations. This principle explains the topographical layout of category-selective regions in the human brain.

Keywords:
Lateral wiring spanObject spaceOrientation preference mapSelf-organizing mapTopographical organizationVentral temporal cortexWiring cost minimization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The human brain represents objects in a high-dimensional abstract space, implemented on the 2D surface of the ventral temporal cortex (VTC).
  • The topographical organization of object selectivity within the VTC remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the principles guiding the topographical organization of object selectivities in the VTC.
  • To model how a high-dimensional object space is implemented on a 2D cortical surface.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a hybrid Self-Organizing Map (SOM) model incorporating wiring cost minimization and lateral wiring span constraints.
  • Validated the model using in silico experiments with functional brain neuroimaging and neurophysiological data from humans and non-human primates.

Main Results:

  • The VTC-SOM model accurately predicted the topographical structure of fine-scale category-selective regions (face, tool, body, place) in the VTC.
  • The model also predicted large-scale functional boundaries (animate/inanimate, size, location) without functional loss.
  • Applying the principle to V1 orientation preferences yielded a pinwheel-like topology, demonstrating broad applicability.

Conclusions:

  • Wiring cost minimization, constrained by lateral wiring span, is a key principle for organizing high-dimensional object spaces onto 2D cortical surfaces.
  • This principle offers a unified explanation for the topographical organization of object representations in the VTC and other cortical areas.