Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2025
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Maxillary reconstruction with horizontally oriented scapular tip free flap: outcomes in orbital support and palate
Adrián A Cardín1, André Pereira2, Ana Mendes3
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.
Background:
Current indications of maxillary reconstruction with scapular tip free flap (STFF) are palatoalveolar defects associated with zygomaticomaxillary buttress and/or orbital floor defects. STFF can be placed either horizontally or vertically. Horizontal placement usually allows ideal palatal conformation, preventing oronasal communication, but has been argued to compromise orbital support and projection of the midface, whereas vertical placement is advocated for midface support but may be insufficient for the complete closure of the palate. The present study focuses on the horizontal placing of STFF to allow complete palate reconstruction and fistulae prevention while still obtaining optimal midface projection and orbital support.
Materials And Methods:
This study included 21 case complex maxillary reconstructions with this flap, in which the horizontally placed scapular tip component replaced the palate, a muscular flap component was included for midface volume restoration, and an alloplastic implant was utilized for supporting the orbital content when needed.
Results:
None of the patients presented palatal fistulas or alterations in the orbital support.
Conclusion:
A multilevel approach was proposed according to the maxillectomy defect. This experience supported the horizontal insetting of STFF to allow palatal fistulae prevention while still obtaining an optimal midface projection and orbital support.
