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Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
Published on: January 30, 2019
The HIV-1 Transcriptional Program: From Initiation to Elongation Control
1Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
This review details the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription control, focusing on how viral and cellular factors orchestrate gene expression. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies against HIV-1.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Virology
- Genetics
Background:
- Decades of research have elucidated key aspects of HIV-1 transcription initiation and elongation.
- HIV-1 transcription relies on specific genomic elements and host/viral transcription factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive recount of HIV-1 transcription control mechanisms.
- To summarize recent advances and identify future research directions in HIV-1 transcriptional regulation.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on HIV-1 transcription.
- Discussion of genomic elements (DNA, TAR RNA) and transcription factors (Tat).
- Integration of new technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 and advanced imaging techniques.
Main Results:
- HIV-1 employs a core transcriptional program involving sequential action of cellular factors and Tat.
- Efficient viral transcription is essential for HIV-1 replication.
- New tools enable detailed study of transcriptional dynamics and cycles.
Conclusions:
- A thorough understanding of HIV-1 transcription is vital for therapeutic development.
- Further research is needed to address current challenges and explore new therapeutic avenues.
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