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Community Group-Based Physical Activity Programs for Immigrant Older Adults: A Systematic Realist Review.

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Community physical activity programs can succeed for older immigrant adults by prioritizing safety, social support, and effective facilitators. These interventions require tailored approaches to meet diverse needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Community Interventions

Background:

  • Physical activity programs often fail to address the specific needs of older immigrant adults.
  • Understanding the success factors for these programs is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and explain the mechanisms, contexts, and outcomes of community group-based physical activity programs for older immigrant adults.
  • To develop and refine a program theory guiding intervention design.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic realist review utilizing Social Cognitive Theory and extensive literature searches across multiple databases.
  • Program theory development through prior research, expert consultation, and refinement via systematic review.
  • Appraisal of 22 sources using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Main Results:

  • Identified eight context-mechanism-outcome configurations crucial for program success.
  • Highlighted the importance of facilitator characteristics, safe spaces, group dynamics, and social support.
  • Found limitations in the quantity and quality of available evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Effective physical activity programs for older immigrants must enhance physical and psychological safety.
  • Maximizing opportunities for role modeling and socialization is key to program success.
  • Interventions need to be sensitive to the unique circumstances of older immigrant populations.