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Summary

This study redefines empathy as an embodied, incomplete process of "feeling-into," rooted in historical concepts and suggesting a connection to embodied love and kinship. It ultimately proposes viewing empathy as a form of longing.

Keywords:
Medical humanitiescultural studiesphilosophy of medicine/health care

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Disability Studies
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Traditional views of empathy often rely on psychological theories and individual cognition.
  • Conceptual history traces empathy's roots to 18th and 19th-century notions of 'Einfühlung'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconceptualize empathy beyond individual cognition, emphasizing its embodied and incomplete nature.
  • To explore the historical development of empathy and its connection to fundamental human experiences.
  • To propose a new framework for understanding empathy as a form of longing.

Main Methods:

  • Combines ethnographic fieldwork with two young women with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.
  • Conducts conceptual-historical analysis of empathy, tracing its origins to 'Einfühlung'.
  • Develops a fivefold argument to support the redefinition of empathy.

Main Results:

  • Empathy is argued to be an embodied process of 'feeling-into,' not solely individual cognition.
  • Empathy is characterized by inherent incompleteness, always being 'on the way' to understanding.
  • The underlying 'connecting force' in empathy is proposed to be a form of embodied love and kinship.
  • The study suggests redefining empathy as a form of longing.

Conclusions:

  • Empathy is an embodied, partial, and ongoing process, deeply connected to love and kinship.
  • Rethinking empathy requires acknowledging its incompleteness and its roots in historical concepts.
  • The concept of empathy as longing offers a novel perspective on human connection and understanding.