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Oligoclonal bands
Mark D Willis1, Karim L Kreft2, Bethan Dancey3
1Helen Durham Centre for Neuroinflammatory Disease, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK willismd@cardiff.ac.uk.
Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) represent the presence of intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) as detected by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysed alongside a paired serum sample gives five different immunofixation patterns. These are: type 1-the normal physiological state with no intrathecal IgG synthesis; type 2-evidence for intrathecal IgG synthesis, with CSF-restricted OCBs; type 3-evidence for intrathecal IgG synthesis, with CSF-restricted OCBs, but with additional, identical bands in the CSF and serum; type 4-absence of intrathecal IgG synthesis, but with identical OCBs in CSF and serum; and type 5-absence of intrathecal IgG synthesis, with a monoclonal band in CSF and serum. Analysis of these patterns can help to diagnose a range of neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis. However, it is important to interpret OCB results alongside other CSF tests and their clinical context.
Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) represent the presence of intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) as detected by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysed alongside a paired serum sample gives five different immunofixation patterns. These are: type 1-the normal physiological state with no intrathecal IgG synthesis; type 2-evidence for intrathecal IgG synthesis, with CSF-restricted OCBs; type 3-evidence for intrathecal IgG synthesis, with CSF-restricted OCBs, but with additional, identical bands in the CSF and serum; type 4-absence of intrathecal IgG synthesis, but with identical OCBs in CSF and serum; and type 5-absence of intrathecal IgG synthesis, with a monoclonal band in CSF and serum. Analysis of these patterns can help to diagnose a range of neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis. However, it is important to interpret OCB results alongside other CSF tests and their clinical context.
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