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The relationship between equol production status and normal tension glaucoma.

Noriko Himori1,2, Keiko Uchida1, Takahiro Ninomiya1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.

International Ophthalmology
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Equol, a soy metabolite, may help slow normal-tension glaucoma progression. This suggests lifestyle factors like diet could influence glaucoma development.

Keywords:
EquolFemale hormoneGlaucomaLifestyle habitsSoy isoflavone

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Equol, derived from soy isoflavones, mimics estrogen and is influenced by diet.
  • Estrogen's role in glaucoma has been noted, prompting investigation into equol's impact.
  • Dietary habits, including soy consumption, affect equol production in the gut.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between equol production status and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) in a Japanese population.
  • To determine if equol levels correlate with glaucoma severity (mean deviation - MD).
  • To explore equol's potential neuroprotective effects in glaucoma through estrogen receptor pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 68 NTG patients and 31 controls (postmenopausal women).
  • Quantified urinary equol concentration using ELISA and calculated mean deviation (MD) from Humphrey visual field tests.
  • Analyzed associations between MD and equol using Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U test; logistic regression for multivariate analysis.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive association was found between equol levels and MD in NTG patients (r=0.36, P<0.01).
  • Equol-producing subjects exhibited significantly milder glaucoma (lesser MD) compared to non-producers (P=0.03).
  • Multivariate analysis identified equol, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) as independent contributors to MD.

Conclusions:

  • Equol may suppress NTG progression, potentially via estrogen receptor-mediated neuroprotection.
  • This study supports the hypothesis that lifestyle factors, including diet, can influence glaucoma.
  • Further research into equol's therapeutic potential for glaucoma is warranted.