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Correction: Croscarmellose Sodium as Pelletization Aid in Extrusion-Spheronization.

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Croscarmellose Sodium as Pelletization Aid in Extrusion-Spheronization.

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  • 1Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.

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Summary

Croscarmellose sodium (CCS) can be used as a pelletization aid in drug formulation. Its effectiveness in extrusion-spheronization depends on cation presence and grade, impacting swelling and water uptake.

Keywords:
Croscarmellose sodiumExtrusion-spheronizationMultivalent cationsPelletization aid

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Limited excipients are suitable as pelletization aids.
  • Croscarmellose sodium (CCS) is a commonly used disintegrant with potential as a pelletization aid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as a pelletization aid.
  • To evaluate the impact of different cations and CCS grades on extrusion-spheronization (ES).

Main Methods:

  • Laser diffraction to assess CCS swelling with various cations.
  • Mixer torque rheometry to evaluate mixture properties.
  • Extrusion-spheronization (ES) process.
  • Dynamic image analysis for pellet characterization.

Main Results:

  • Calcium and magnesium cations reduced CCS swelling and were necessary for successful ES, influencing water uptake and L/S ratio.
  • Aluminum cations caused particle aggregation and extrusion failure.
  • CCS can be used as a pelletization aid with fillers like dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (DP) or praziquantel (PZQ) without added cations, though optimal L/S depends on CCS grade.

Conclusions:

  • Croscarmellose sodium (CCS) is a viable pelletization aid.
  • Cation type and concentration significantly influence CCS performance in ES.
  • CCS grade impacts the optimal liquid-to-solid ratio for successful pellet production.