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A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

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Beyond School Climate: Validating the School as a Protective Factor-Brief Survey.

Christa L Lilly¹, Alfgeir L Kristjansson¹, Megan L Smith²

¹School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190.

The Journal of School Health

|June 28, 2024

Summary

The School as a Protective Factor-Brief (SPF-Brief) survey is a validated tool for assessing school environments. Higher SPF-Brief scores correlate with improved academic performance and well-being in students.

Keywords:

academic achievement adolescent depression adolescent mental health adolescent substance abuse school climate school health

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Area of Science:

Educational Psychology
Adolescent Health
Psychometric Validation

Background:

The School as a Protective Factor (SPF) approach provides a framework for understanding school environments.
This study details the validation of the School as a Protective Factor-Brief (SPF-Brief), a 13-item survey instrument.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate the School as a Protective Factor-Brief (SPF-Brief) survey.
To assess the reliability and validity of the SPF-Brief in measuring core constructs of the SPF framework.

Main Methods:

Two studies were conducted: a longitudinal developmental study (N=1349) and a cross-sectional validation study (N=2775).
Participants included middle and high school students.
Statistical analyses included factor analysis, growth modeling, criterion-related validation, and outcome analysis.

Main Results:

The SPF-Brief demonstrated strong reliability and validity.
Higher SPF-Brief scores were significantly associated with better academic outcomes (math and English grades) and quality of life.
Higher scores were also linked to reduced rates of anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, and substance use (alcohol, e-cigarette, tobacco, cannabis).

Conclusions:

The SPF-Brief is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the School as a Protective Factor framework.
The findings support the utility of the SPF-Brief and the SPF framework as potentially advantageous alternatives to traditional school climate assessments.