Obesity and Asthma: Implementing a Treatable Trait Care Model
Francisca Castro Mendes1,2,3, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen4, André Moreira1,2,3,5
1EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Summary
Obesity is a treatable trait in asthma, worsening its severity and control. Integrating body mass index (BMI) goals into asthma care can improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology and Immunology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Obesity is increasingly recognized as a significant factor influencing asthma development, clinical presentation, and management.
- Obese asthma is associated with poorer disease control, increased severity, reduced lung function, and diminished quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex interplay between obesity and asthma, focusing on immune dysregulation and the role of body mass index (BMI).
- To advocate for the integration of BMI as a treatable trait in asthma management guidelines.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological evidence and immunological mechanisms linking obesity and asthma.
- Analysis of current asthma management guidelines and identification of gaps in addressing obese asthma.
Main Results:
- Obesity impacts asthma through various immune response pathways, including Type IVb, IVc, V, and VI (metabolic-induced immune dysregulation).
- Body mass index (BMI) is a key biomarker for a treatable trait in asthma, yet current guidelines lack specificity for obese asthma management.
Conclusions:
- Integrating BMI targets and promoting sustainable weight loss are crucial for improving outcomes in obese asthma.
- Further research and guideline development are needed to specifically address the needs of individuals with obese asthma, distinct from those with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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