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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.5K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.5K
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.4K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.4K
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

362
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
362
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

336
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
336
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

419
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
419
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

564
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
564

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Risk Factors for Heart Failure Readmission After Cardiac Surgery.

Sharif A Sabe1, Marwa A Sabe2, Kevin F Kennedy3

  • 1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

JACC. Advances
|June 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying risk factors for heart failure (HF) readmissions after cardiac surgery is crucial. Older age, female sex, and certain comorbidities like chronic kidney disease increase HF readmission risk post-surgery.

Keywords:
cardiac surgeryheart failurereadmission

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of readmission following cardiac surgery.
  • Risk factors for HF readmission after cardiac surgery are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for 30-day HF-specific readmissions after cardiac surgery.
  • Utilize a national database for comprehensive risk factor analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 2016-2018 National Readmissions Database.
  • Inclusion of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or valve surgery.
  • Multivariable logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for HF readmission.

Main Results:

  • 394,050 patients included; 7,318 (approx. 1.85%) had 30-day HF readmissions.
  • Independent risk factors: older age, female sex, prolonged stay, congestive HF, CKD, COPD, liver disease, obesity, AFib, AKI.
  • Prior CABG showed a protective effect against HF readmission.

Conclusions:

  • Identified key demographic and clinical risk factors for 30-day HF readmission post-cardiac surgery.
  • Further research is needed to explore these associations and inform interventions.