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Eukaryotic RNA polymerases.

CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry

|January 1, 1985

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review details eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, exploring their structure and function. It covers three nuclear enzyme types, their subunits, and transcription regulation mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Eukaryotic cells possess three main nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
These enzymes are large, multimeric, and exhibit distinct subunit compositions and specificities.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review current knowledge on eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
To detail their molecular structure, function, and transcriptional regulation.

Main Methods:

Elucidation of subunit function through chemical modification, phosphorylation, enzyme reconstitution, immunological studies, and mutant analysis.
Description of in vitro reconstituted systems for accurate transcription of various RNA types (rRNA, tRNA, 5S RNA, mRNA).

Main Results:

Detailed molecular structures of the three nuclear RNA polymerases are presented.

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Cellular factors crucial for specific transcription are identified and discussed.

In vitro systems demonstrate accurate gene transcription.

Conclusions:

The complex subunit structure of nuclear RNA polymerases warrants further investigation.
Understanding the organization, regulation, and mutants of RNA polymerases and associated factors is key.
Mechanisms of template recognition by factors and RNA polymerase require further study.