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Related Concept Videos

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Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

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The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Standardized endpoint definitions for trials of transcatheter left atrial appendage closure: a consensus from the Left Atrial Appendage Academic Research Consortium†.

European heart journal·2026
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1-Year Real-World Outcomes With the Amulet Occluder From the EMERGE LAA Postapproval Study.

JACC. Cardiovascular interventions·2026
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Incidence, Predictors, Management, and Clinical Impact of Major Bleeding Following Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: The Amulet IDE Randomized Clinical Trial.

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Corrigendum to '2025 SCAI/HRS Clinical Practice Guidelines on Transcatheter Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion': [Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions. Volume 4, Issue 9 (2025) 103783].

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Early Outcomes With a Next-Generation Dual-Seal Left Atrial Appendage Occluder: Results From the VERITAS Study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

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Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Current Advances and Remaining Challenges.

Mohamad Alkhouli1, Christopher R Ellis2, Matthew Daniels3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

JACC. Advances
|June 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Left atrial appendage occlusion is advancing, but challenges persist. Key issues include limited randomized data, peri-device leaks, device-related thrombus, and procedural optimization needs.

Keywords:
anticoagulationatrial fibrillationleft atrial appendage occlusionstroke

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Interventional Procedures

Background:

  • Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a growing field for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
  • Current challenges hinder widespread adoption and optimal patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a contemporary overview of LAAO.
  • To focus on four critical remaining challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical data.
  • Analysis of key issues impacting LAAO efficacy and safety.

Main Results:

  • Limited randomized controlled trial data exists for LAAO efficacy.
  • Peri-device leak and device-related thrombus remain significant concerns.
  • Procedural techniques require ongoing refinement for optimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing LAAO.
  • Further research and technical improvements are needed to maximize LAAO benefits.