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Updated: Jun 22, 2025

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Tazarotene-induced Gene 1 Induces Melanoma Cell Death by Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response

Chun-Hua Wang1,2, I-Shiang Tzeng3,4, Lu-Kai Wang5

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 231 New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|June 28, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) inhibits melanoma growth by upregulating endoplasmic reticulum stress genes, leading to cancer cell death. This mechanism highlights TIG1's potential as an anticancer agent.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Melanoma cell growth is a significant challenge in cancer research.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of melanoma inhibition is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) has been identified as a potential inhibitor of melanoma progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which TIG1 inhibits melanoma cell growth.
  • To identify downstream genes regulated by TIG1 in melanoma.
  • To assess the impact of TIG1 on melanoma cell viability and death.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed cell viability and death using WST-1 and LDH assays.
  • Utilized RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis to identify TIG1-regulated genes.
  • Analyzed the correlation between TIG1 expression and downstream genes in melanoma tissue arrays.

Main Results:

  • TIG1 expression decreased melanoma cell viability and increased cell death.
  • TIG1 upregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes, including HERPUD1, BIP, and DDIT3.
  • A positive correlation was observed between TIG1 and ER stress gene expression in melanoma tissues.
  • Inhibition of ER stress attenuated the anti-melanoma effect of TIG1.

Conclusions:

  • TIG1 effectively inhibits melanoma cell growth.
  • TIG1 induces melanoma cell death via upregulation of ER stress response genes and caspase-3 activity.
  • The anticancer effects of TIG1 may contribute to retinoic acid's role in preventing melanoma.
Keywords:
ER stressTazarotene-induced gene 1melanomaretinoic acid receptor responder protein 1

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