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Approach-avoidance tendencies in proactive and reactive aggression.

Bram Van Bockstaele1,2,3

  • 1Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Aggressive Behavior
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Children

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Aggressive behaviors in children are linked to approach/avoidance tendencies.
  • Understanding these tendencies for different emotional expressions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if approach/avoidance tendencies for angry versus fearful faces predict reactive and proactive aggression in children.
  • To examine the differential predictive power of these tendencies.

Main Methods:

  • 116 children completed an approach/avoidance task (AAT) and a stimulus-response compatibility task (SRCT).
  • Tasks measured approach/avoidance of angry and fearful facial expressions.
  • Children also completed self-report aggression scales.

Main Results:

  • Stronger approach tendencies for angry faces and avoidance for fearful faces predicted more reactive aggression in the AAT.
  • Similar, non-significant trends were observed for proactive aggression.
  • Results were not replicated in the SRCT, indicating limited convergence.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive aggression may involve approaching angry faces and avoiding fearful faces.
  • Further research is needed due to poor discrimination between aggression types and lack of measure convergence.