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Lightweight Electrolyte Design for Li/Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) Batteries.

An L Phan1, Bo Nan2, Phung M L Le3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a lightweight electrolyte for high-energy lithium metal batteries using sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathodes. This design enhances energy density and battery lifespan by minimizing electrolyte weight and improving protective interphases.

Keywords:
Li metal batteryhigh energy densityinorganic SEIlightweight electrolytesulfurized polyacrylonitrile

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is a promising cathode material for high-energy lithium (Li) metal batteries, offering high capacity and long cycle life without transition metals.
  • Li/SPAN batteries are sensitive to electrolyte weight, impacting specific energy density due to low electrode weights.
  • Volume changes in Li metal anodes and SPAN cathodes necessitate robust inorganic interphases for stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a low-density electrolyte to enhance the specific energy density of Li/SPAN batteries.
  • To improve the stability and cyclability of Li/SPAN batteries through optimized electrolyte composition.
  • To ensure the safety and protective capabilities of the electrolyte for both anode and cathode.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a concentrated lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)-triethyl phosphate (TEP) solution with dibutyl ether (DBE) as a lightweight diluent.
  • Characterization of the electrolyte's density, solvation structure, and performance in Li/SPAN battery cells.
  • Evaluation of interphase formation, electrolyte consumption, cell cyclability, and thermal abuse protection.

Main Results:

  • The designed electrolyte has a density of 1.04 g mL⁻¹, which is 40%-50% lighter than conventional localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs).
  • This reduction in electrolyte weight leads to a 12%-20% increase in specific energy density at the cell level.
  • The electrolyte promotes the formation of favorable anion-derived inorganic interphases, minimizes electrolyte consumption, and enhances cell cyclability and thermal stability.

Conclusions:

  • The lightweight DBE-diluted electrolyte significantly boosts the energy density of Li/SPAN batteries.
  • The electrolyte's unique solvation structure enhances interphase formation and protects battery components, improving cycle life.
  • This electrolyte design offers a viable strategy for developing high-performance and safer lithium metal batteries.