Feasibility of open cholangioscopy with disposable flexible endoscopes

To determine the feasibility of open cholangioscopy using disposable flexible endoscopes in canine cadavers and describe the surgical approach.

Ex vivo experimental cadaveric study.

Eight canine cadavers.

Cadavers ranging from 5.8 to 43.8 kg underwent open transcholecystic cholangioscopy using a disposable flexible endoscope with a 3.8 mm outer diameter and 1.2 mm working channel and the surgical approach was described. The most distal anatomical region of the biliary tree towards the duodenal papilla that was visualized with the endoscope was recorded in each cadaver. A 2.7 mm rigid endoscope and a 1.9 mm flexible endoscope were also trialed and findings recorded. Endoscopic tools were trialed and their usage recorded.

The disposable flexible endoscope was feasible for visualization of the junction of the common bile duct, cystic duct, and hepatic ducts in all eight dogs. Cholangioscopy using a 2.7 mm rigid endoscope did not provide further distal visualization. The 1.9 mm flexible endoscope was able to traverse down to the level of the major duodenal papilla in a 43.8 kg cadaver. Use of certain endoscopic tools can be considered through the disposable flexible endoscope although fluid instillation was affected.

A 3.8 mm disposable flexible endoscope could be placed through an open transcholecystic approach to provide intraluminal endoscopic evaluation up to the level of the junction of the common bile duct, cystic duct, and hepatic ducts in dogs without cholecystic disease.

Open transcholecystic cholangioscopy with a disposable flexible endoscope could provide a low-cost diagnostic and therapeutic tool in cases of obstructive biliary disease up to the level of the common bile duct.