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A Randomized Trial Utilizing EEG Brain Computer Interface to Improve Facial Emotion Recognition in Autistic Adults.

Alexis M Brewe1, Ligia Antezana2,3, Corinne N Carlton2

  • 1Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, 101 McMillan Building, 200 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA. abrewe@crimson.ua.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|June 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study found that the FER Assistant program was acceptable for autistic individuals, but did not reliably improve facial emotion recognition (FER). Further research with larger samples is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Keywords:
AutismBrain Computer InterfaceEEGFacial Emotion RecognitionIntervention

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with difficulties in facial emotion recognition (FER), impacting social interactions.
  • Limited research exists on experimentally improving FER in autistic individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the acceptability and preliminary clinical impact of FER Assistant, a mixed reality neurofeedback program using EEG brain-computer interface (BCI) technology.
  • To investigate the potential of improving FER in autistic adolescents and adults.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 27 autistic male participants.
  • Participants were assigned to either the FER Assistant intervention (n=17) or a waitlist control (n=10).
  • The intervention group received ten sessions of BCI-assisted neurofeedback training for FER.

Main Results:

  • The FER Assistant program was found to be acceptable to participants.
  • Regression analyses showed group differences in FER at endpoint favoring the intervention group compared to controls.
  • However, reliable change analyses indicated no significant improvement in FER for the intervention group.

Conclusions:

  • The FER Assistant program shows promise as an acceptable intervention for autistic individuals.
  • FER appears to be a potential target for intervention in ASD, though further research is necessary.
  • Larger sample sizes are recommended for future trials to confirm efficacy.