Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

771
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
771
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

3.9K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
3.9K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

111.1K
Overview
111.1K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

11.6K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
11.6K
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

6.5K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
6.5K
Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System01:22

Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System

2.6K
Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
The immune responses can be categorized into two types: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity comprises nonspecific defenses we are...
2.6K
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Innate Immunity In Protection And Pathogenesis During Coronavirus Infections And Covid-19

Innate Immunity in Protection and Pathogenesis During Coronavirus Infections and COVID-19

R K Subbarao Malireddi1, Bhesh Raj Sharma1, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti1

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA;

Annual Review of Immunology
|June 28, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

2.9K
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.1K
Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
09:02

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

1.5K

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The innate immune system fights SARS-CoV-2, but overactivation causes severe COVID-19 complications like cytokine storm and long-COVID. Understanding innate immunity is key for developing vaccines and treatments against this coronavirus.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of deaths globally.
  • The innate immune system is the primary defense against viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.
  • Dysregulated innate immune responses contribute to severe COVID-19 pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review innate immune mechanisms sensing SARS-CoV-2.
  • To explore how these responses become detrimental in severe COVID-19.
  • To discuss therapeutic targeting of innate immunity for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on innate immunity and SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms of innate immune sensing and response.
Keywords:
PANoptosisRIPKSARS-CoV-2caspase

Related Experiment Videos

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

2.9K
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.1K
Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
09:02

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

1.5K
  • Discussion of viral evasion strategies and immunotherapeutic approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Innate immune responses are crucial for detecting SARS-CoV-2 but can lead to cytokine storm, inflammation, and organ damage when dysregulated.
    • SARS-CoV-2 employs mechanisms to evade critical innate immune defenses, enhancing its pathogenicity.
    • Complex crosstalk between cytokines and innate immune cells contributes to both viral clearance and pathology.

    Conclusions:

    • A deep understanding of innate immunity is vital for combating SARS-CoV-2.
    • Targeting innate immune pathways offers promising strategies for COVID-19 vaccination and treatment.
    • Host-directed immunotherapies are crucial for managing severe COVID-19 and its long-term effects.
    cell death
    cytokine storm
    inflammasome
    inflammation