Mast cells and ocular surface: An update review

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Ophthalmology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Mast cells (MCs) are traditionally known for allergic reactions.
• MCs are increasingly recognized for diverse roles at barrier sites like the ocular surface.
• These sentinel cells are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive update on mast cell immune pathophysiology.
• To focus on the mechanisms of innate immunity involving mast cells.
• To elucidate the multifaceted roles of mast cells in ocular surface health and disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current research on mast cells.
• Analysis of mast cell involvement in ocular surface processes.
• Exploration of mast cells as therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

• Mast cells play key roles in ocular allergic reactions and corneal homeostasis.
• They are involved in neovascularization, wound healing, and immune responses in corneal grafts.
• Mast cells contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis and can modulate immunity.

Conclusions:

• Mast cells have diverse and critical functions at the ocular surface beyond allergy.
• Understanding mast cell pathophysiology offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies in eye diseases.
• Further research is needed to fully harness mast cells for therapeutic innovation.