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Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium species in Japan

Mohammad Hazzaz Bin Kabir1, Kentaro Kato2

  • 1Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Parasitology International
|June 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This study investigated Cryptosporidium in Japan, finding C. parvum subtype IIa in humans and cattle, suggesting zoonotic transmission. Further research is needed to understand its spread across humans, animals, and the environment.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Cryptosporidium species cause global diarrheal diseases in humans and animals.
  • Understanding Cryptosporidium's molecular epidemiology in Japan is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated transmission pathways in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in Japan.
  • To identify Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in humans, animals, water, and environmental samples.
  • To assess potential zoonotic transmission routes.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular detection and subtyping of Cryptosporidium from human, animal, water, and environmental samples.
  • Analysis of the gp60 gene for Cryptosporidium parvum subtyping.
  • Species identification using molecular techniques.

Main Results:

  • Three Cryptosporidium species (C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. hominis) were detected in humans, with C. parvum subtype IIa being prevalent.
  • Sixteen Cryptosporidium species were identified in animals, predominantly cattle and pets.
  • C. parvum subtype IIa was common in cattle, while C. canis and C. felis were prevalent in pets. C. bovis and C. ryanae were found in cattle and sika deer.
  • Limited data on water and environmental sources revealed five species and five genotypes, indicating a potential role in transmission.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of C. parvum subtype IIa in humans and cattle suggests zoonotic transmission in Japan.
  • Molecular diversity and transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium across various hosts and environmental compartments require further investigation.
  • Enhanced surveillance and source tracking are necessary to control Cryptosporidium infections.
Keywords:
CryptosporidiumEpidemiologyGenotypingJapanSubtyping

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