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Child Access Prevention Laws and Pediatric Firearm Injury: A Rapid Review
Jonathan M Bearden1, Kelly F Reese1, Amelia A Boyd1
1Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY.
Primer (Leawood, Kan.)
|July 1, 2024
Summary
Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws are linked to fewer child firearm injuries and deaths. Stronger CAP laws show a greater reduction in pediatric firearm incidents.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Child Safety
Background:
- US child firearm fatality rates have increased since 2013.
- Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws aim to limit minors' firearm access but vary by state.
- Existing research on CAP law effectiveness shows conflicting results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a rapid review of literature on CAP laws and their impact on child firearm injuries.
- To assess the effectiveness of CAP laws in reducing pediatric firearm injuries and fatalities.
Main Methods:
- Rapid literature review of studies evaluating CAP laws' impact on pediatric firearm injuries/deaths in the US.
- Extracted target population data and outcomes from 14 evaluated articles.
- Presented findings narratively.
Main Results:
- Implementation of CAP legislation was associated with reduced pediatric firearm injuries and fatalities.
- Longitudinal studies examining pre/post-CAP legislation changes showed consistent, robust findings.
- The impact of CAP laws was proportional to their stringency.
Conclusions:
- CAP laws are associated with decreased pediatric firearm injuries and deaths.
- More stringent CAP laws demonstrate a greater reduction in firearm-related incidents among children.
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