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Exploring the relationship between smoking and poor sleep quality: a cross-sectional study using NHANES
1Independent Researcher, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Frontiers in Psychiatry
|July 1, 2024
Summary
Heavy smoking significantly increases the risk of sleep disorders, including insufficient sleep, sleep problems, snoring, and breathing issues. Higher smoking levels correlate with worse sleep outcomes, highlighting smoking as a modifiable risk factor for sleep health.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sleep Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Sleep disorders are prevalent, impacting public health.
- Previous research suggests a link between smoking and sleep disturbances.
- Large-scale, nationally representative studies on smoking and diverse sleep outcomes are limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between smoking status and multiple sleep outcomes.
- To investigate dose-response relationships between smoking levels and sleep problems.
- To provide evidence for smoking cessation as a strategy for improving sleep health.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 30,269 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2007-2020).
- Employed weighted logistic regression models to assess associations between smoking status (non-smoker, light, moderate, heavy) and sleep outcomes.
- Explored dose-response relationships using restricted cubic splines.
Main Results:
- Heavy smokers exhibited significantly higher odds of insufficient sleep duration (OR 1.732), sleep problems (OR 1.990), snoring (OR 1.908), and sleep-disordered breathing (OR 1.863) compared to non-smokers.
- A significant positive trend was observed between smoking levels and all assessed sleep disorder outcomes (P for trend < 0.05).
- Dose-response analyses confirmed that increased smoking levels were associated with elevated odds of experiencing adverse sleep outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Smoking is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of various sleep disorders.
- A clear dose-response relationship exists, where greater smoking intensity correlates with increased sleep problems.
- Addressing smoking is crucial for improving sleep health, with potential benefits even from smoking reduction, not just cessation.
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