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Long COVID management: a mini review of current recommendations and underutilized modalities

Tiffany K Dietz1, Kirsten N Brondstater1

  • 1School of Health Professions, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States.

Frontiers in Medicine
|July 1, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Long COVID, a post-COVID-19 condition, presents diverse symptoms impacting multiple organ systems. This review offers primary care providers insights into common symptoms and management, including promising interventions like stellate ganglion blocks and low-dose naltrexone.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Long COVID is a complex post-COVID-19 condition with varied symptoms affecting multiple organ systems.
  • A lack of consensus exists regarding its definition, biomarkers, and validated treatments.
  • Long COVID is anticipated to be a chronic condition causing significant patient suffering and incapacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To equip primary care providers with current literature on common Long COVID symptoms.
  • To present evidence-based management recommendations for Long COVID.
  • To highlight underutilized, safe interventions such as stellate ganglion blocks and low-dose naltrexone.

Main Methods:

  • Mini-review of existing scientific literature on Long COVID.
  • Focus on common symptoms and current management strategies.
  • Inclusion of emerging therapeutic interventions with established safety profiles.

Main Results:

  • Identified common symptoms of Long COVID across multiple organ systems.
  • Summarized current, albeit evolving, management recommendations for primary care.
  • Highlighted the potential of stellate ganglion blocks and low-dose naltrexone in improving patient quality of life and functionality.

Conclusions:

  • Primary care providers play a crucial role in managing Long COVID patients.
  • Stellate ganglion blocks and low-dose naltrexone show promise for symptom relief and functional improvement.
  • Prompt referral to interventional pain management specialists is encouraged for eligible patients.

Keywords:
chronic COVID-19long COVIDlow-dose naltrexonemanagementpost COVIDpost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2stellate ganglion block

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