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Evaluation and application of a Chinese version symptom questionnaire for visual dysfunctions (CSQVD) in school-age
Fuyao Chen1, Lixia Lou1, Xiaoning Yu1
1Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
Insights
The Chinese Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (CSQVD) is a reliable tool for assessing visual problems in children. Severe myopia and amblyopia are linked to increased visual dysfunction symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Visual dysfunction symptoms significantly impact school-aged children's quality of life.
- Accurate quantification of these symptoms is crucial for effective management of pediatric eye diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Chinese version of the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (CSQVD).
- To assess the psychometric properties of the CSQVD in Chinese school-aged children.
- To explore the relationship between ophthalmological disorders and visual dysfunction symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Standard scale adaptation procedures were used to translate the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (SQVD) into Chinese (CSQVD).
- Psychometric properties were assessed in 198 outpatients (aged 7-18).
- Determinants of visual dysfunction symptoms were evaluated in 406 school-age patients using regression analyses.
Main Results:
- The CSQVD demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.779) and validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.857, KMO = 0.821).
- High myopia (OR=5.744) and amblyopia (OR=9.302) were significant predictors of CSQVD symptoms.
- Best-corrected visual acuity in amblyopic eyes and spherical equivalent power significantly affected CSQVD scores.
Conclusions:
- The CSQVD is a feasible, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing visual dysfunction symptoms in Chinese school-aged children.
- High myopia and amblyopia are associated with increased reporting of visual dysfunction symptoms.
Objective:
To develop and evaluate a Chinese version of the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (CSQVD) to quantify visual dysfunction symptoms in school-age children with various eye diseases, and to explore the relationship between ophthalmological disorders and visual dysfunction symptoms.
Methods:
Following standard scale adaptation procedures, the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (SQVD) was translated into Chinese (CSQVD). We employed random sampling to survey 198 outpatients aged 7-18 to assess the psychometric properties of the CSQVD. Using the reliable and validated questionnaire, we evaluated the determinants of visual dysfunction symptoms among 406 school-age patients at an eye center. The CSQVD scores were correlated with demographic and clinical variables, including gender, age, eye position, refractive power, and best-corrected visual acuity. Univariate analysis identified potential risk factors, followed by binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression analysis on factors with a P-value <0.05.
Results:
The CSQVD scale's critical ratio (CR) values ranged from 6.028 to 10.604. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.779, and Spearman-Brown split-half reliability was also 0.779. The I-CVI varied from 0.83 to 1.000, the S-CVI/Ave was 0.857, and the KMO value was 0.821. Multifactorial regression analysis indicated that high myopia (OR = 5.744, 95% CI [1.632, 20.218], P = 0.006) and amblyopia (OR = 9.302, 95% CI [1.878, 46.058], P = 0.006) were significant predictors of CSQVD symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BCVA of amblyopic eyes (B = -5.052, 95% CI [-7.779, 2.325], P = 0.000) and SE power (B = -0.234, 95% CI [-0.375, 0.205], P = 0.001) significantly affected the CSQVD scale scores.
Conclusions:
The Chinese version of the SQVD scale (CSQVD) demonstrates good feasibility, discriminatory power, validity, and reliability in assessing Chinese school-aged children. Furthermore, those who have severe myopia and amblyopia reported more visual dysfunction symptoms.
