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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
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Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

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The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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C-reactive protein: structure, function, regulation, and role in clinical diseases.

Hai-Hong Zhou1,2,3, Yu-Long Tang4, Tian-Hao Xu4

  • 1Centre for Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein involved in innate immunity. This review explores CRP structure, expression, complement activation, and its role in diseases, highlighting conserved functions across species.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteinacute phaseinflammationpentamerstructure

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • C-reactive protein (CRP) is an evolutionarily conserved plasma protein belonging to the pentraxin superfamily.
  • It is characterized by a pentameric structure and calcium-dependent binding to ligands like phosphocholine.
  • CRP levels rise significantly during inflammation, marking it as a key acute phase protein.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural characteristics of C-reactive protein.
  • To discuss the regulation of CRP gene expression.
  • To examine CRP's role in complement activation and its in vivo functions in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on structural biology and immunology.
  • Analysis of studies on CRP expression and regulation.
  • Examination of research on CRP's in vivo functions and disease relevance.

Main Results:

  • CRP exhibits conserved protective functions across various species.
  • Human CRP (huCRP) can display diverse biological activities due to conformational changes.
  • CRP plays a crucial role in innate immune responses and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • CRP's structure and function are critical in innate immunity.
  • Understanding CRP's regulation and activation pathways is key to its role in disease.
  • CRP serves as a valuable clinical marker for inflammation severity.