Theranostic aspects of palladium-based bimetallic nanoparticles in biomedical field: A state-of-the-art

The exploration of newer antibacterial strategies is driven by antibiotic-resistant microbes that cause serious public health issues. In recent years, nanoscale materials have developed as an alternative method to fight infections. Despite the fact that many nanomaterials have been discovered to be harmful, numerous researchers have shown a keen interest in nanoparticles (NPs) made of noble metals like silver, gold and platinum. To make environmentally safe NPs from plants, green chemistry and nanotechnology have been combined to address the issue of toxicity. The study of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) has increased tremendously in the past 10 years. The production of BNPs mediated by natural extracts is straightforward, low cost and environmentally friendly. Due to their low toxicity, safety and biological stability, noble BNPs with silver, gold, platinum and palladium have the potential to be used in biomedical applications. They have a significant impact on human health and are used in medicine and pharmacy due to their biological characteristics, which include catalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective and regenerative activity.